Sociable Number Checker

Aliquot cycles of length ≥ 3

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About Sociable Number Checker

A sociable number checker testing if iterating the aliquot sum s(n) returns to n after k ≥ 3 steps. Perfect numbers have k=1, amicable k=2, sociable k≥3. Shows the full cycle and chain analysis. Client-side.

Sociable Number Checker Features

  • Cycle detection
  • Chain length
  • Aliquot iteration
  • Perfect/amicable/sociable
  • Full cycle
Sociable numbers form aliquot cycles of length k ≥ 3. The first sociable cycle (k=5): 12496→14288→15472→14536→14264→12496. Perfect: k=1, amicable: k=2, sociable: k≥3. Only about 200 sociable chains are known.

How to Use

Enter n:

  • Chain: Follow aliquot sums
  • Cycle: Detect if returns to n
  • Length: The cycle period k

Known Chains

First sociable chain found by Poulet (1918): 12496→14288→15472→14536→14264→12496. Most known sociable chains have length 4 or 28. No chain of length 3 has ever been found — it's conjectured none exist.

Open Problems

  • Do sociable chains of length 3 exist? (Conjectured: no)
  • Are there infinitely many sociable chains?
  • What lengths are possible?

Step-by-Step Instructions

  1. 1Enter number.
  2. 2Iterate aliquot.
  3. 3Check for cycle.
  4. 4Find chain length.
  5. 5View full cycle.

Sociable Number Checker — Frequently Asked Questions

Why are length-3 chains special?+

No aliquot cycle of length 3 has ever been found. A length-3 cycle requires s(a)=b, s(b)=c, s(c)=a. It's conjectured they don't exist, but no proof is known. All known sociable chains have length 1 (perfect), 2 (amicable), 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 28.

How many sociable chains are known?+

About 200 as of 2024. Most are 4-cycles. The largest known sociable numbers have hundreds of digits. Finding new chains requires extensive computation.

Who discovered sociable numbers?+

Paul Poulet discovered the first sociable chain in 1918: the 5-cycle starting at 12496. The concept extends naturally from perfect (k=1) and amicable (k=2) numbers, studied since antiquity.

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